Solar panel
en:Solar panel {#invoke:Solab|Amazon}
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Module performance is generally rated under Standard Test Conditions (STC) :
- irradiance of 1,000 W/m²,
- solar spectrum of AM 1.5 AM
- and module temperature at 25°C.
Electrical characteristics include
- nominal power (PMAX, measured in W),
- Open-circuit voltage (VOC), Uoc
- short circuit current (ISC, measured in amperes), Isc
- maximum power voltage (VMPP),
- maximum power current (IMPP) and
- module efficiency (%).
In kWp, kW is kilowatt and the p means “peak” as peak performance. The “p” however does not show the peak performance, but rather the maximum output according to STC <ref>http://www.solarworld.de/Solar-ABC.123.0.html?&L=1</ref>.
Solar panels must withstand heat, cold, rain and hail for many years. Many Crystalline silicon module manufacturers offer warranties that guarantee electrical production for 10 years at 90% of rated power output and 25 years at 80% <ref> http://www.ibersolar.com/admin/uploads/archivos/425/E-FV069.pdf</ref><ref> http://www.cti-solar.com/userfiles/file/brochlet%20CTI-SOLAR%20vers%20EN.pdf</ref
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