Solar panel

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Module performance is generally rated under Standard Test Conditions (STC) :

  1. irradiance of 1,000 W/m²,
  2. solar spectrum of AM 1.5 AM
  3. and module temperature at 25°C.

Electrical characteristics include

  1. nominal power (PMAX, measured in W),
  2. Open-circuit voltage (VOC), Uoc
  3. short circuit current (ISC, measured in amperes), Isc
  4. maximum power voltage (VMPP),
  5. maximum power current (IMPP) and
  6. module efficiency (%).

In kWp, kW is kilowatt and the p means “peak” as peak performance. The “p” however does not show the peak performance, but rather the maximum output according to STC <ref>http://www.solarworld.de/Solar-ABC.123.0.html?&L=1</ref>.

Solar panels must withstand heat, cold, rain and hail for many years. Many Crystalline silicon module manufacturers offer warranties that guarantee electrical production for 10 years at 90% of rated power output and 25 years at 80% <ref> http://www.ibersolar.com/admin/uploads/archivos/425/E-FV069.pdf</ref><ref> http://www.cti-solar.com/userfiles/file/brochlet%20CTI-SOLAR%20vers%20EN.pdf</ref


Solar panel

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